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COMMON DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS
MAMMOGRAPHY
Mammography is a low dose X-Ray of the breast. This is the most commonly
used screening tool for breast cancer. If there is an abnormality on
the screening films, additional films (diagnostic) of a selected area
of abnormality are needed. A mammogram can pick up breast cancer in
a very early phase. Early cancer can be cured in 95-100% cases.
A mammogram has its limitations and can miss unto 20% breast cancers.
It therefore, must be accompanied by a thorough physical evaluation
by an experienced physician. Sometimes additional tests are needed.
ULTRASOUND
Unlike the mammogram, the ultrasound utilizes sound waves to image
the breast. It is very useful in young patients and evaluating dense
breasts. It can differentiate between fluid filled (cysts) and solid
lumps. The fluid filled cysts are usually benign. Our Center utilizes
the ultrasound for diagnosis, biopsy and treatment of benign breast
lumps. At this time the ultrasound is not recommended as a screening
tool.
MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is more sensitive in imaging the
breast than mammography. It is, however, not very specific in identifying
the nature of the abnormality and has to be used in conjunction with
other diagnostic tests. It has a role in identifying implant rupture.
We also utilize it in evaluating dense breasts prior to recommending
breast conserving surgery for patients with breast cancer and in mapping
the extent of the disease. It is also utilized in high-risk patients
in conjunction with mammography.
PET
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan images metabolically active
portions of the breast and other parts of the body. This is again used
as an adjunct to other tests in establishing the extent and monitoring
the treatment response.
DUCTAL LAVAGE
Ductal Lavage provides us with a sample of duct secretions. Our pathologist
then checks these for presence of pre-cancerous and cancerous cells.
This test has the potential to detect very early breast Cancer, much
earlier than any available imaging modality, hence, we utilize this
in select high-risk patients. This test, its indications and utility
are still in the evolution stages.
DUCTOGRAPHY
Our radiologist performs Ductography. This procedure involves obtaining
images of a duct with nipple discharge, to pinpoint and identify the
source of the discharge. Once the source is identified it can be excised
if needed. These lesions are small and will not show on a mammogram
and an ultrasound.
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